{"kind":"task","effective_mode":"full","benchmark":{"kind":"benchmark","effective_mode":"full","slug":"longbench-v2","formal_name":"LongBench v2","introduction":"LongBench v2 evaluates deep understanding and reasoning over long contexts through multiple-choice questions. Its official description lists 503 questions spanning tasks such as single-document and multi-document QA and code-repository understanding.","introduction_ja":"","introduction_en":"","category":"Category not supplied","task_count":null,"acquisition_status":"Acquisition status not supplied","official_url":"https://huggingface.co/datasets/zai-org/LongBench-v2","indexing_mode":"noindex","profile":{"resources":[],"task_format":"","scoring":"","metric":"","size":"","answer_access":"","license":"","citation":"","maintainer":"","released":"","why_hard":"","related":[]}},"task_id":"9b65bec5-34bf-590d-abe7-f3ccd48c966a","task_key":"train--66ec41d3821e116aacb1c874","task_revision_id":"3","upstream_id":"66ec41d3821e116aacb1c874","short_description":"Which of the following suggestions for the new year's initiatives is correct?","config":"","split":"train","body":"{\"choice_A\":\"Ensure the looseness and progressiveness of policies, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various policies.\",\"choice_B\":\"Support and highlight the dominant position of enterprises in production, and increase the cultivation of technical production talents.\",\"choice_C\":\"Promote the growth of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.\",\"choice_D\":\"On the basis of a comprehensive and scientific summary of epidemic prevention and control work, we should do a more scientific, accurate, and efficient job in prevention and control.\",\"context\":\"REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT  \\nDelivered at the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress of \\nthe People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2023     \\nLi Keqiang   \\nPremier of the State Council                   \\nThe official Chinese version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.   \\nNote by NPC Observer: For the version \\napproved by the NPC on March 13, 2023, \\nplease visit this link.\\n\\n\\n1 \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\n \\nThe term of this government is about to come to a close. On behalf of the State \\nCouncil, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your \\ndeliberation and approval and also for comments from members of the National \\nCommittee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). \\n \\nI. A Review of Our Work in 2022 and over the Past Five Years \\n \\n \\nThe year 2022 was a year of great importance in the history of the Communist \\nParty of China (CPC) and our country. The Party successfully convened its 20th \\nNational Congress, during which it drew up an inspiring blueprint for building \\nChina into a modern socialist country in all respects. In the face of high winds and \\nchoppy waters in the international environment and challenging tasks in \\npromoting reform, development, and stability at home, the Party Central \\nCommittee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese \\npeople of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on. We acted \\non the requirements of responding effectively to Covid-19, maintaining economic \\nstability, and ensuring security in development, and intensified macro regulation. \\nAs a result, we stabilized the economy, steadily enhanced development quality, \\nand maintained overall social stability, securing new and hard-won achievements \\nin China’s development. \\nOver the past year, China’s economy was impacted by Covid-19 and other \\ndomestic and international factors beyond our expectations. However, under the \\nstrong leadership of the Party Central Committee, we carried out Covid-19 \\nresponse and pursued economic and social development in an effective and \\nwell-coordinated way; and we improved and adjusted response measures in view \\nof virus variations and the evolving dynamics of epidemic prevention and control.  \\nConfronted with new downward pressure on the economy, we acted \\ndecisively and made timely adjustments. We made use of the policy tools kept in \\nreserve over recent years, proactively adopted predetermined policies, and \\nremained firm in advancing supply-side structural reform. We unveiled and \\nimplemented a full range of policies and follow-up measures to stabilize the \\neconomy.  \\nWe formulated plans for the task of ensuring overall economic stability. We \\n\\n\\n2 \\n \\nstepped up supervision and support to ensure policy implementation by local \\ngovernments and assisted them in fully leveraging the potential of policies, and \\nsupported major economically developed provinces in shouldering greater \\nresponsibility. We gave priority to ensuring stable growth, employment, and prices, \\nthus bringing about a steady economic recovery.  \\nGross domestic product (GDP) of the year grew by 3 percent. A total of 12.06 \\nmillion urban jobs were added, with the year-end surveyed urban unemployment \\nrate falling to 5.5 percent. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2 percent. The \\ntotal volume of trade in goods rose by 7.7 percent. The deficit-to-GDP ratio was \\nkept at 2.8 percent, and central government revenue and expenditure were in line \\nwith budget projections, with expenditure slightly lower than the budgeted figure. \\nA basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments, and the RMB \\nexchange rate remained stable relative to other major global currencies. Grain \\noutput reached 685 million metric tons, an increase of 3.7 million metric tons. The \\nenvironment continued to improve.  \\n \\nOvercoming great difficulties and challenges, we succeeded in maintaining \\noverall stable economic performance. Amid a complex and fluid environment, we \\nwere able to generally accomplish the main targets and tasks for the year. Such \\nachievements are a testament to the tremendous resilience of China’s economy. \\n \\n \\nWe stepped up relief support to enterprises facing growing difficulties in \\noperation and production. Impacted by Covid-19 and other factors, many \\nenterprises and self-employed individuals experienced acute distress. Last year, \\nvalue-added tax (VAT) credit refunds exceeded 2.4 trillion yuan, newly \\nimplemented tax and fee cuts amounted to more than 1 trillion yuan, and \\npostponements were introduced for tax and fee payments of over 750 billion yuan. \\nTo ensure implementation of tax and fee reduction policies, the central government \\nsignificantly increased transfer payments to local governments.  \\n \\nWe provided guidance to financial institutions on increasing credit supply and \\nlowering financing costs. Average interest rates on new enterprise loans fell to the \\nlowest level on record, and time-limited cuts were made to interest rates on \\ninclusive loans to micro and small businesses. We injected fresh vitality into the \\nmarket through reform. Many micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and \\nself-employed individuals in various sectors have benefited as a result.  \\nTo address lack of effective demand, we adopted a combination of measures to \\nexpand investment, stimulate consumption, and stabilize foreign trade.  \\n\\n\\n3 \\n \\nConsumer spending was hit hard last year, and investment also suffered. In \\nresponse, we launched several major projects set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan \\nahead of schedule, expedited the processes of issuing and utilizing local \\ngovernment special-purpose bonds, made better use of carryover quotas for \\nspecial-purpose bonds in accordance with the law, and issued development and \\npolicy-backed financial instruments in two batches totaling 740 billion yuan to \\nreplenish the capital for major projects.  \\nWe used targeted re-lending, loan interest subsidies, and other policies to \\nsupport key sectors in upgrading equipment. To speed up project screening, \\ndifferent \\ngovernment \\ndepartments \\nestablished \\njoint \\noffices \\nand \\na \\ncommitment-based approval system was adopted for local governments.  \\nIn 2022, investments in infrastructure and the manufacturing sector increased \\nby 9.4 percent and 9.1 percent respectively, while fixed-asset investment increased \\nby 5.1 percent. This has, to some degree, offset the contraction in consumption. We \\nfostered new modes and new forms of consumer spending and adopted measures \\nincluding reductions and exemptions on vehicle purchase tax to boost spending on \\nautomobiles. As a result, sales of new-energy vehicles surged by 93.4 percent.  \\nInitiatives were launched to stimulate spending on green and smart home \\nappliances and green building materials in rural areas. Thanks to these efforts, we \\nkept total retail sales of consumer products generally stable.  \\nWe adopted financial measures to meet people’s demand for buying their first \\nhome or improving their housing situation and took concrete steps to ensure that \\noverdue housing projects were completed and delivered to meet people’s basic \\nliving needs.  \\nWe assisted foreign trade enterprises in tackling difficulties relating to raw \\nmaterials, labor, and logistics, improved loading, unloading and transport \\nefficiency in ports, and responded promptly to the concerns of foreign-funded \\nenterprises and helped resolve their problems. The volume of trade in goods \\nexceeded expectations, and utilized foreign investment increased steadily. \\nIn response to significant employment pressure, we boosted policy support to \\nstabilize and increase employment. Last year, the surveyed urban unemployment \\nrate saw a notable increase for some time. Therefore, we put a stronger emphasis \\non ensuring stable employment when implementing fiscal, tax, financial, and \\ninvestment policies. We postponed the payment of social insurance premiums by \\nenterprises in distressed sectors, significantly increased the proportion of \\n\\n\\n4 \\n \\nunemployment insurance funds returned to enterprises to keep payrolls stable, \\nand raised subsidies for stabilizing and increasing employment. To support \\nbusiness startups, we implemented policies on guaranteed loans and on reducing \\nor waiving the rent for state-owned premises.  \\nWe made college graduates employment a priority and provided targeted \\nassistance to people who had difficulty finding employment. Work-relief programs \\nin major projects were expanded. More than 32 million people were lifted out of \\npoverty with new employment, maintaining a steady increase. Thanks to these \\nefforts, overall employment remained stable. \\nIn the face of a global surge in inflation, we strived to ensure market supply \\nand stable prices, particularly those of food and energy. Last year, global inflation \\nrocketed to a 40-year high, exerting great pressure on domestic price stability.  \\nWe responded effectively to major natural disasters such as floods and \\ndroughts. To see that no time was lost during the planting and harvest seasons, we \\nworked to ensure unrestricted movement of agricultural machines on public roads \\nand saw that farming was free from disruptions.  \\nWe issued agricultural supply subsidies to grain growers in three installments. \\nAll this helped ensure good grain harvests and stable supplies of major \\nagricultural products.  \\nWe leveraged the role of coal as a major source of energy, increased advanced \\ncoal production capacity and stepped up support for power plants and \\nheat-supply enterprises to ensure energy supplies. Despite high global inflation, \\nwe have kept overall prices at a comparatively low level, which is truly \\nremarkable. \\nTo assist people experiencing increased difficulties in their lives, we bolstered \\nsupport to ensure their basic living needs. We took time-limited measures to \\nexpand the scope of subsistence allowances and other social security policies to \\ncover more groups in difficulty. Continuing the policy on expanding \\nunemployment insurance coverage, we provided unemployment benefits to over \\n10 million people in total. We also provided price subsidies for more people on low \\nincomes, benefiting about 67 million in all.  \\nWe waived interest payments on government-subsidized student loans to \\ncollege graduates with financial difficulties and granted extensions on the principal \\nrepayments for these loans. We provided emergency assistance to people hit hard \\nby the epidemic or natural disasters, thus ensuring that the basic living needs of all \\n\\n\\n5 \\n \\nour people were met.  \\nWe also fully implemented the plans set forth at the Central Conference on \\nEconomic Work and in the Report on the Work of the Government approved at the \\nFifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC), and made coordinated \\nadvances in all fields of economic and social development.  \\nThanks to our dedicated work, consumer demand, market distribution, \\nindustrial production, and business expectations have all markedly improved. \\nChina’s economy is staging a steady recovery and demonstrating vast potential \\nand momentum for further growth. \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\n \\nThe past five years have been truly momentous and remarkable. Under the \\nstrong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its \\ncore, we have met numerous tests, including accelerated changes on the \\ninternational landscape, the Covid-19 pandemic, and a domestic economic \\nslowdown.  \\nWe both won the critical battle against poverty and finished building a \\nmoderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled, thus attaining the First \\nCentenary Goal and embarking on a new journey to realize the Second Centenary \\nGoal.  \\nAll localities and government departments followed the guidance of Xi Jinping \\nThought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; gained a deep \\nunderstanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s \\ncore position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and \\nestablishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese \\nCharacteristics for a New Era; enhanced their consciousness of the need to \\nmaintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, \\nand keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stayed confident in the \\npath, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; upheld \\nComrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the \\nParty as a whole and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, \\nunified leadership; and fully acted on the guiding principles from the 19th CPC \\nNational Congress and the plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee \\nand thoroughly implemented the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National \\nCongress.  \\n\\n\\n6 \\n \\nWe stayed true to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring \\nstability. We fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all \\nfronts, worked to create a new pattern of development, promoted high-quality \\ndevelopment, and ensured both development and security. As a result, we have \\nmade major achievements in economic and social development, which garnered \\nrecognition around the world. \\n \\n-Economic strength reached new heights.  \\nChina’s GDP increased to 121 trillion yuan, registering an annual growth rate \\nof 5.2 percent over the past five years. Over the past decade, GDP has increased by \\nalmost 70 trillion yuan at an annual rate of 6.2 percent. We have achieved a \\nmedium-high rate of economic growth given our large economic aggregate and \\ntransitioned to high-quality development. Government revenue increased to 20.4 \\ntrillion yuan. Annual grain output remained steady at over 650 million metric tons \\nfor several consecutive years. The total value-added of industry exceeded the \\n40-trillion-yuan mark, and average yearly urban jobs growth hit more than 12.7 \\nmillion. Foreign exchange reserves remained stable at over US$3 trillion. These \\nfigures show that China’s economic strength has increased significantly. \\n \\n- The critical fight against poverty was won.  \\nThanks to eight years of continued efforts, close to 100 million poor rural \\nresidents and a total of 832 impoverished counties were lifted from poverty, \\nincluding more than 9.6 million poverty-stricken people relocated from \\ninhospitable areas. We have thus, once and for all, resolved the problem of \\nabsolute poverty in China. \\n \\n-Fruitful gains were made in scientific and technological innovation.  \\nWe established a new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make key \\ntechnological breakthroughs, opened a number of national laboratories, and \\nreorganized key national laboratories in several batches.  \\nBreakthroughs were made in core technologies in key fields, and a stream of \\ninnovations emerged in areas such as manned spaceflight, lunar and Martian \\nexploration, deep sea and deep earth probes, supercomputers, satellite navigation, \\nquantum information, nuclear power technology, airliner manufacturing, and \\nartificial intelligence.  \\nAs spending on R&D increased from 2.1 percent to over 2.5 percent of GDP, \\nthe contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth \\nexceeded 60 percent. The capacity of innovation to sustain development was \\n\\n\\n7 \\n \\nenhanced continuously. \\n \\n-The economic structure was further improved.  \\nThe value-added of high-tech manufacturing and of equipment manufacturing \\nincreased by an annual average of 10.6 percent and 7.9 percent respectively. \\nChina’s digital economy continued to grow in strength. The value-added of new \\nindustries and new business forms and models accounted for over 17 percent of \\nGDP. We fully implemented the coordinated regional development strategy and \\nmajor regional development strategies. The share of permanent urban residents in \\nthe total population rose from 60.2 percent to 65.2 percent. The rural revitalization \\nstrategy was implemented across the board. New drivers of growth developed at a \\nmuch faster pace. \\n \\n-Infrastructure was further upgraded.  \\nWork began on the construction of major water conservancy projects such as \\nthose against floods and droughts and those for water diversion. The length of \\nin-service high-speed railways increased from 25,000 kilometers to 42,000 \\nkilometers, and the expressway network expanded from 136,000 kilometers to \\n177,000 kilometers. In rural areas, 1.25 million kilometers of road were newly built \\nor upgraded. The passenger handling capacity of airports increased by 400 million. \\nInstalled power capacity increased by more than 40 percent. Gigabit internet \\nservices covered all prefecture-level cities, and broadband internet was installed in \\nevery administrative village in China. \\n \\n-Reform and opening up were deepened.  \\nWe deepened reform and opening up across the board in an effort to create a \\nnew pattern of development. We further promoted supply-side structural reform \\nand reforms to streamline government administration, delegate power, improve \\nregulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these endeavors, a notable \\nimprovement has been made in the business environment.  \\nJoint efforts to advance the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made solid headway. \\nChina played its part for the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive \\nEconomic Partnership (RCEP) agreement, which has created the world’s largest \\nfree trade zone. China’s total volume of trade in goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, \\nregistering an annual growth rate of 8.6 percent. It has thus been the top global \\ntrader for many years running. China is now both a major destination for foreign \\ninvestment and a leading global outbound investor. \\n \\n-The quality of the eco-environment improved significantly.  \\n\\n\\n8 \\n \\nEnergy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 8.1 percent, and carbon \\ndioxide emissions fell by 14.1 percent. In cities at and above the prefecture level, \\nthe average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) dropped by 27.5 \\npercent and the number of days with heavy air pollution fell by over 50 percent. \\nThe proportion of surface water bodies of good quality increased from 67.9 percent \\nto 87.9 percent.  \\nThe first group of national parks were established, and over 9,000 nature \\nreserves spanning all categories and levels were established. We have made \\nsignificant strides in building a Beautiful China. \\n \\n-Living standards rose steadily.  \\nPersonal income grew generally in step with economic growth. The CPI rose at \\nan annual rate of 2.1 percent. The average length of schooling for new entrants to \\nthe workforce rose from 13.5 years to 14 years. Basic old-age insurance now covers \\n1.05 billion people, an increase of 140 million over the past five years. Basic medical \\ninsurance saw steady improvement. Over the past decade, we have rebuilt more \\nthan 42 million housing units in run-down urban areas, and over 100 million \\npeople have moved into new apartments. \\n \\nAfter many years of meticulous preparation, we successfully presented the \\nworld with streamlined, safe, and splendid 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic \\nGames, thus making great contributions to promoting the Olympic movement as \\nwell as solidarity and friendship among the peoples of all countries. \\n \\nSince Covid-19 struck more than three years ago, the CPC Central Committee \\nwith Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed the people and their lives above all \\nelse.  \\nIt has boosted supplies of medical resources and materials, made every effort \\nto ensure treatment for all patients, effectively safeguarded our people’s health and \\nsafety, and improved and adjusted response policies and measures in light of \\nchanging conditions. The Chinese people have pulled through with fortitude and \\nresilience and secured a major and decisive victory in the fight against Covid-19. \\nThroughout this truly remarkable endeavor, all localities, departments, and \\norganizations have made tremendous efforts, people in various sectors have \\nworked together to get through tough times, and all medical personnel have \\nremained fearless in the face of adversity. Most notably, our people in their \\nhundreds of millions have prevailed over many difficulties and challenges, made \\ngreat sacrifices, and played their due part. It has not been an easy journey for \\n\\n\\n9 \\n \\nanyone, but together we have overcome the huge challenge of Covid-19. As the \\npandemic is not yet over, we must keep working to consolidate our achievements \\nin both Covid-19 response and economic and social development.  \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\nOver the past five years, we have fully implemented the decisions and plans of \\nthe Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The highlights of \\nour work are as follows: \\n1. We developed new ways of conducting macro regulation to keep the economy \\noperating within an appropriate range.  \\nIn response to a succession of grave challenges, including mounting \\nprotectionism and the Covid-19 pandemic, we adopted new ways of conducting \\nmacro regulation and avoided overreliance on investment as a means of achieving \\neconomic growth. We employed a wide range of policies including fiscal and \\nmonetary policies and stayed focused on helping market entities overcome \\ndifficulties and grow.  \\nWe adopted a holistic approach to achieving the projected development targets \\nfor each year and stepped up range-based, targeted, well-timed, and precision \\nregulation. We took decisive measures to step up macro policy support while \\nrefraining from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies that would eat into \\nour potential for future growth.  \\nWe worked relentlessly to ensure stability on six fronts and security in six \\nareas, with a particular emphasis on the latter, in order to steer the economy \\nthrough various trials and difficulties and sustain growth. \\nWe pursued a proactive fiscal policy.  \\nThe deficit was kept at a reasonable level. Over these five years, the \\ndeficit-to-GDP ratio and the government debt ratio were respectively kept within 3 \\npercent and around 50 percent. We continued to improve the structure of \\ngovernment spending and ensured sufficient funding for key areas such as \\neducation, science and technology, environmental protection, and efforts to meet \\npeople’s basic living needs.  \\nWe implemented a policy of large-scale tax and fee cuts with both institutional \\n                                                             \\n The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic \\ninvestment, and expectations. The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market \\nentities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of \\nprimary-level governments. \\n\\n\\n10 \\n \\narrangements and time-limited measures. Tax and fee reductions were intensified \\nfollowing the outbreak of Covid-19, and they became a pivotal part of our response \\nto the epidemic. We completed the task of replacing business tax with value-added \\ntax and abolished the former. The rate of VAT was lowered from 17 percent to 13 \\npercent in many sectors where VAT accounts for the largest share of tax receipts. \\nThe VAT threshold was raised from 30,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan of monthly sales \\nfor small-scale taxpayers in a phased way, and the minimum corporate income tax \\nrate was cut from 10 percent to 2.5 percent in real terms for micro and small \\nbusinesses.  \\nTax and fee cuts are equitable, inclusive, effective, and directly accessible for \\nthose in need. Over the past five years, tax cuts and fee reductions respectively \\ntotaled 5.4 trillion yuan and 2.8 trillion yuan. This policy not only helped \\nenterprises overcome difficulties and stay afloat, but also nurtured business \\ngrowth and cultivated sources of tax revenue.  \\nOn average, over 11 million market entities including enterprises and \\nself-employed individuals were newly registered with the tax authorities each year, \\nand the central government met all of its annual targets for budgetary revenue. \\nWith VAT credit refunds taken into account, national fiscal revenue almost \\ndoubled over the past decade. \\nWe channeled more financial resources toward lower levels of government, \\nwith the share of transfer payments to local governments rising to about 70 percent \\nof central government expenditures. We introduced direct allocation of central \\nbudgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and made it a \\nregular practice.  \\nAt every level, governments kept their belts tightened by strictly controlling \\ngeneral expenditures, and central government departments led the way in cutting \\nback spending. We also put idle funds and assets to good use and tapped every \\nmeans possible to see that these funds were used to benefit businesses and people. \\nOver 70 percent of government expenditures went toward ensuring the people’s \\nwellbeing. \\nWe continued a prudent monetary policy.  \\nWe made flexible policy adjustments in view of new developments and \\nmaintained reasonably sufficient liquidity. We made good use of policy \\ninstruments such as required reserve ratio reductions and re-lending to increase \\neffective support for the real economy and alleviate the difficulties faced by \\n\\n\\n11 \\n \\nMSMEs in accessing affordable financing.  \\nThe balance of loans to the manufacturing sector increased from 16.3 trillion \\nyuan to 27.4 trillion yuan. Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses increased \\nat an annual rate of 24%, rising from 8.2 trillion yuan to 23.8 trillion yuan, with the \\naverage interest rate falling by 1.5 percentage points compared to five years ago.  \\nWe saw that the RMB exchange rate floated with greater flexibility at an \\nadaptive, balanced level while remaining generally stable. We completely paid off \\nthe outstanding debt of 1.4486 trillion yuan incurred in the reform of financial \\ninstitutions since the beginning of this century.  \\nUsing market- and law-based means, we took targeted steps to deal with the \\nrisks of several large enterprise groups and made steady headway in defusing \\nrisks in high-risk small and medium-sized financial institutions.  \\nLarge financial institutions registered sound growth, financial systems \\noperated in a robust and stable manner, and we ensured that no systemic risks \\narose.  \\nWe pursued an employment-first policy.  \\nStable employment has remained a key indicator of the economy operating \\nwithin the appropriate range. We worked hard to promote market-based \\nemployment and stepped up efforts to support enterprises in stabilizing and \\nexpanding employment.  \\nThe ratio of enterprise contributions to basic old-age insurance was lowered \\nfrom 20 percent to 16 percent and the national social security fund was replenished \\nto expand its scale from 1.8 trillion yuan to over 2.5 trillion yuan.  \\nWe implemented policies on refunding unemployment insurance funds to \\nkeep employment stable and granting training subsidies for job retention to \\nhard-hit businesses. To promote entrepreneurship and innovation nationwide, we \\nhave held National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week for eight consecutive \\nyears, which racked up a cumulative participation of more than 520 million. We \\nencouraged job creation through business startups, and new and flexible \\nemployment forms became an important source of employment and income \\ngrowth.  \\nWe took solid measures to ensure employment for college graduates, \\nex-service personnel, and rural migrant workers. We used unemployment \\ninsurance funds and other funds to support skills training programs. We carried \\nout a three-year action plan for expanding enrollment in vocational colleges and \\n\\n\\n12 \\n \\nupgrading vocational skills. This drive saw vocational colleges enrolling an \\nadditional 4.13 million students and providing over 83 million training \\nopportunities. Employment is the cornerstone of people’s wellbeing and the \\nwellspring of wealth. It is truly remarkable that China, a big country with over 1.4 \\nbillion people, has kept employment stable, and such stability is a source of \\ntremendous creativity for our country.  \\nPrices were kept generally stable.  \\nWe refrained from repeatedly increasing the deficit by a large margin in \\nresponse to shocks and printing an excessive amount of money. This created the \\nmacro conditions needed for stabilizing prices. We redoubled efforts to bolster \\nagricultural production, ensured better linkage between production and sales and \\nmanaged reserves more effectively, and ensured a stable supply of agricultural \\nproducts, such as grain, hogs, and vegetables.  \\nWe promptly addressed shortages of coal and electricity to meet residential \\nand production energy needs. Smooth transportation and logistics were ensured. \\nMarket oversight was strengthened to maintain price stability.  \\nFor the past decade, CPI increases in China have been kept at a comparatively \\nlow level of around 2 percent. The difficulty of such an achievement should not be \\nunderestimated. This has been conducive to maintaining the order of the market \\neconomy, to creating leeway for macro policy implementation, and most \\nimportantly, to better meeting the basic living needs of our people.  \\n2. We secured victory in the critical battle against poverty within the set time \\nframe and consolidated and built on our gains in poverty alleviation. \\nThe hardest, most arduous tasks in building a moderately prosperous society \\nin all respects were in rural areas and in impoverished regions in particular. We \\ncarried out a policy of targeted poverty alleviation, with a focus on deeply \\nimpoverished areas such as the three regions and the three prefectures.  \\nWe weighted policy support toward these areas, provided funding for poverty \\nalleviation efforts on a priority basis, and placed counties and villages facing \\ndifficulty in poverty alleviation under special supervision to ensure that they met \\npoverty alleviation targets.  \\nWe provided assistance to develop local industries and boost employment, \\necological conservation, education, healthcare, social security and other fields of \\n                                                             \\n The three regions refer to Tibet, the four southern Xinjiang prefectures of Hotan, Aksu, Kashi, and \\nKirgiz Autonomous Prefecture of Kizilsu, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and \\nQinghai provinces. The three prefectures are Liangshan in Sichuan, Nujiang in Yunnan, and Linxia in Gansu. \\n\\n\\n13 \\n \\nendeavor, strengthened follow-up support for people relocated from inhospitable \\nareas, and made major efforts to meet the basic food and clothing needs of poor \\npeople and see that they had access to compulsory education, basic medical \\nservices, and safe housing and drinking water.  \\nRural residents in impoverished regions saw their incomes grow by a \\nsignificant margin, and their working and living conditions noticeably improved.  \\nWe worked both to consolidate and build on our achievements in poverty \\nalleviation and to promote the revitalization of rural areas. Major poverty relief \\npolicies remained largely unchanged during the transition period following the \\nelimination of absolute poverty. We made sure that though poverty had been \\neliminated, all of the related responsibilities, policies, support, and oversight \\nremained in place.  \\nWe established effective monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent \\npeople lifted out of poverty from relapsing into poverty and took robust action in \\nresponse to natural disasters and Covid-19 to forestall any large-scale relapse into \\npoverty.  \\nA total of 160 key counties were designated to receive assistance for rural \\nrevitalization and dedicated support was provided to them. We stepped up \\nsupport for areas where residents relocated from inhospitable areas were resettled \\ntogether in communities as well as for other key areas, and continued to \\nimplement and improve mechanisms for east-west cooperation, paired assistance, \\nand targeted support.  \\nWe also sent teams of medical and educational personnel as well as \\ntechnicians to provide assistance to previously impoverished areas. All of these \\nefforts enabled areas that were lifted out of poverty to accelerate development and \\nkeep raising the incomes of local residents. \\n3. We deepened reform of key areas and crucial links to energize the market and \\nstimulate social creativity. \\nWe continued reforms to develop the socialist market economy and struck a \\nproper balance between the government and the market. This enabled the market \\nto play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government to better play its \\nrole, thus promoting both an efficient market and a well-functioning government. \\nOur drive to transform government functions continued.  \\nWe completed institutional reform of both the State Council and local \\ngovernments. We accelerated efforts to build a unified national market, developed \\n\\n\\n14 \\n \\na high-standard market system, and worked to create a market-oriented and \\nlaw-based business environment in keeping with international standards. \\nGreat truths are always simple, and simple government administration is \\nalways most effective. We made consistent efforts to promote reforms despite the \\nfact that they affected the interests of government itself.  \\nWe kept working to streamline government administration and delegate \\npower. We broadened market access with full implementation of the negative list \\nsystem. Since the introduction of this system, the negative list has been shortened \\nby 64 percent, and the practice of list-based management has been applied to all \\nitems requiring government approval.  \\nOver the years, we have cancelled or delegated to lower-level authorities the \\npower of administrative approval for over 1,000 items and slashed the number of \\ninvestment items subject to central government approval by over 90 percent. The \\nnumber of industrial production permit categories has been reduced from 60 to 10, \\nand the approval time for construction projects has been cut to no more than 120 \\nworking days. \\nWe carried out institutional reforms in the business sector and introduced the \\nreform to separate out the business license from certificates required for starting a \\nbusiness. Today, the average time it takes to register a business is less than four \\nworking days, down from more than a month; and a simplified deregistration \\nsystem is in place for MSMEs.  \\nWhile delegating power, we also improved regulation. We strengthened \\nongoing and ex post oversight. We saw to it that regulatory responsibilities were \\nstrictly fulfilled, that no regulatory vacuums were left, and that no power was \\ndelegated at the expense of regulation. We beefed up quality and safety \\nsupervision for food, drugs, and other key items, ensured impartial regulation by \\nadopting practices such as the random selection of inspectors and inspection \\ntargets and the prompt release of results, and set standards for the exercise of \\ndiscretionary administrative powers.  \\nWe took stronger action against monopolies and unfair competition, fully \\nimplemented the system of fair competition review, and reformed the system for \\nenforcing anti-monopoly laws.  \\nWe conducted regulation and provided guidance in accordance with the law \\nto promote the sound development of capital and took resolute, law-based moves \\nto prevent the blind expansion of capital.  \\n\\n\\n15 \\n \\nWe continued to upgrade government services and worked to provide more \\none-stop services. Certification requirements were reduced, and the development \\nof a digital government was accelerated. Now, more than 90 percent of \\ngovernment services can be accessed online; over 200 high-demand services, \\nincluding household certification and the transfer of social security accounts, can \\nbe handled on an inter-provincial basis. All expressway toll booths on provincial \\nborders have been removed.  \\nWe formulated and implemented regulations on improving the business \\nenvironment, on market entity registration and administration, on promoting \\ndevelopment of individually owned businesses, and on ensuring payments to \\nSMEs.  \\nThese reforms have provided people seeking to go into business with greater \\nconvenience and scope. By the end of last year, there were over 52 million \\nenterprises and more than 110 million self-employed individuals in China, and the \\ntotal number of market entities had surpassed the 160-million mark, three times \\nthe figure a decade ago. As a result, the internal momentum for development has \\nincreased remarkably. \\nWe promoted the common development of enterprises under all forms of \\nownership.  \\nWe upheld and improved China’s fundamental socialist economic systems \\nand worked unswervingly both to consolidate and develop the public sector and to \\nencourage, support, and guide development of the non-public sector.  \\nThe tasks set out in the three-year action plan for SOE reform were completed \\nand the modern corporate structure was improved, thus enabling SOEs to upgrade \\nand restructure their operations so as to focus on their primary responsibilities and \\ncore business and enhance quality and performance.  \\nWe promoted the sound development of private businesses by removing \\nhidden barriers of various forms and ensuring all enterprises received policy \\nsupport on an equal basis. This has boosted the confidence of private investors. We \\nimproved the system of property rights protection to safeguard entrepreneurs’ \\nlawful rights and interests and promote the entrepreneurial spirit. \\nWe continued to reform the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems.  \\nWe deepened reform of the budget management system and boosted budget \\ntransparency. We advanced reforms to divide fiscal powers and spending \\nresponsibilities between central and local governments, improved the system for \\n\\n\\n16 \\n \\nmanaging local government debt, and established an individual income tax system \\nbased on both adjusted gross income and specific income types.  \\nWe promoted reform of the financial regulatory system and encouraged small \\nand medium banks to replenish their capital and defuse risks through reform. We \\nadvanced reforms to implement a registration-based IPO system, refined the \\nunderlying systems of the capital market, and strengthened legislation for financial \\nstability. \\n \\n4. We fully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and \\nimproved and upgraded the industrial structure. \\n \\nWe deepened supply-side structural reform, improved China’s innovation \\nsystem, and boosted self-reliance and strength in science and technology. We \\npromoted development of the real economy through innovation, continued to \\nfoster new drivers of growth, and effectively countered external attempts to \\nsuppress and contain China’s development. \\n \\nThe leading role of technological innovation was reinforced.  \\nTo increase China’s strength in strategic science and technology, we launched a \\nnumber of major sci-tech innovation projects and stepped up efforts to secure \\nbreakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.  \\nWe gave full play to the role of higher education institutions and research \\ninstitutes and supported the development of new types of R&D institutions. \\nFurther strides were made in building international and regional centers for \\nscientific and technological innovation and comprehensive national science centers. \\nWe provided support for basic research and applied basic research, with our \\ncountry’s spending on basic research doubling over the past five years.  \\nThe systems for research projects and funding management were reformed to \\ngrant greater autonomy to research institutions and researchers and relieve \\nresearchers of numerous administrative chores.  \\nIntellectual property rights protection was bolstered to encourage innovation. \\nInternational science and technology exchanges and cooperation were promoted.  \\nWe leveraged market-based mechanisms to encourage enterprise innovations. \\nThe additional tax deduction for R&D expenses was increased on several occasions, \\nparticularly for manufacturing enterprises and small and medium sci-tech \\nenterprises, with coverage rising from 50 percent and 75 percent, respectively, to \\n100 percent for both. This policy was extended to cover all eligible sectors on a \\ntemporary basis. All this provided policy support to enterprises for carrying out \\n\\n\\n17 \\n \\nbasic research and purchasing equipment. In total, annual innovation tax breaks \\nand incentives exceeded one trillion yuan.  \\nWe also developed financial policy instruments to facilitate innovation and \\nguided the development of venture capital. Thanks to these efforts, R&D spending \\nby enterprises has maintained double-digit growth, and a large number of \\ninnovative enterprises have emerged. \\n \\nIndustries were encouraged to develop toward the medium- and high-end. \\nPriority was given to manufacturing in the development of the real economy, and \\nthe stable performance of the industrial sector was ensured. The share of \\nmanufacturing in the economy remained largely unchanged.  \\nLaws, regulations, and standards on environmental protection, quality, and \\nsafety were strictly implemented, and outdated production facilities were shut \\ndown. We worked to shore up weak links in the industrial and supply chains of \\nkey industries. A number of industrial foundation reengineering projects were \\nlaunched.  \\nTo accelerate the pace of equipment upgrading and technological \\ntransformation of enterprises, the preferential policy on accelerated depreciation of \\nfixed assets was extended to cover the entire manufacturing sector.  \\nWe sped up the development of emerging industries like high-end equipment, \\nbiomedicine, new-energy vehicles, photovoltaic power, and wind power. \\nContinued efforts were made to provide faster broadband speeds and lower \\ninternet rates, and Internet Plus initiatives were boosted. The number of mobile \\ninternet subscriptions increased to 1.45 billion. We supported the development of \\nthe Industrial Internet and vigorously promoted digital and smart manufacturing. \\nThe number of SMEs producing new and unique products using special and \\nsophisticated technologies exceeded 70,000. \\nWe promoted the sound and sustainable development of the platform \\neconomy and fully leveraged its role in boosting employment and business \\nstartups, expanding the consumer market, and creating new production modes. \\nProducer services such as R&D and design, modern logistics, and inspection, \\ntesting, and certification registered further growth. Across-the-board quality \\nmanagement and national quality infrastructure were improved. Chinese products \\nare now of a higher quality and more competitive.  \\n5. We expanded effective domestic demand and promoted coordinated regional \\ndevelopment and new urbanization. \\n\\n\\n18 \\n \\nTo create a new pattern of development, we fully leveraged China’s \\nsuper-sized market and carried out the strategy of expanding domestic demand to \\nfoster more growth engines. \\nWe strived to expand consumption and effective investment.  \\nBefore the outbreak of Covid-19, consumption had become the primary driver \\nof China’s economic growth. In the face of insufficient and even shrinking demand, \\nwe acted to secure a swift recovery in consumption.  \\nWe promoted personal income growth through various avenues and saw the \\nearnings of middle- and low-income groups rise. Spending on automobiles, home \\nappliances, and other big-ticket items was supported. The number of cars in use in \\nChina topped 300 million, an increase of 46.7 percent compared to five years ago.  \\nWe vigorously promoted both online and offline consumption, raising the \\nshare of online sales for physical goods from 15.8 percent to 27.2 percent of total \\nretail sales of consumer goods. Businesses serving residents’ daily needs flourished \\nin urban communities, and the express delivery system in rural areas was \\nimproved. We also provided support for the tourism sector. \\nWe expanded effective investment to shore up weak links, promote structural \\nadjustments, and sustain growth momentum. Innovations were made in \\ninvestment and financing systems and mechanisms, and nongovernmental \\ninvestment increased several times over under the guidance and drive of central \\ngovernment budgetary investment. We increased the scale of local government \\nspecial-purpose bonds, with a high priority given to the development of sectors \\nsuch as transportation, water conservancy, energy, information, and other \\ninfrastructure as well as projects for the people’s wellbeing. We also encouraged \\nnongovernmental capital to participate in the construction and operation of such \\nprojects, and this stimulated investment from nongovernmental sources. \\nWe achieved more balanced and coordinated regional development. We took \\ncoordinated steps to promote large-scale development of the western region, the \\nfull revitalization of the Northeast, the rise of the central region, and trailblazing \\ndevelopment in the eastern region. Overall, the central and western regions \\noutpaced the eastern region in terms of economic growth rate. \\nWe stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large \\nethnic minority populations, and border areas, with central government transfer \\npayments to these areas rising by 66.8 percent over these five years. \\nWe promoted coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, \\n\\n\\n19 \\n \\nthe development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the integrated development of the \\nYangtze River Delta, and ecological conservation and high-quality development in \\nthe Yellow River basin. The Xiong’an New Area was built according to high \\nstandards and quality requirements.  \\nDevelopment of the marine economy was promoted. We supported regions \\nfacing economic difficulty in pursuing development, promoted the economic \\ntransformation of resource-depleted areas, encouraged regions with favorable \\nconditions to lead the way in development, and fostered more growth poles and \\ngrowth belts. \\nWe continued to advance people-centered new urbanization. China is still in \\nthe process of urbanization, with ten million plus rural people moving to urban \\nareas each year. We improved the functions of cities and particularly county seats \\nto increase their overall carrying capacity.  \\nRestrictions on permanent urban residency were eased or removed on a \\ncategory-by-category basis, and 140 million rural residents were granted \\npermanent urban residency over the past decade. We promoted well-ordered \\ndevelopment of city clusters and metropolitan areas and coordinated development \\nof cities of different sizes. Development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone \\nwas promoted.  \\nAdhering to the principle that housing is for living in and not for speculation, \\nwe established long-term mechanisms in the real estate market, expanded the \\nsupply of government-subsidized housing, and developed the long-term rental \\nmarket. We kept land costs, house prices, and market expectations stable and \\nadopted city-specific measures to facilitate sound development of the real estate \\nsector. \\nUrban infrastructure was improved. The length of in-service urban rail transit \\nlines increased from just over 4,500 kilometers to close to 10,000 kilometers and the \\nlength of urban drainage pipelines rose from 630,000 kilometers to 890,000 \\nkilometers. A total of 167,000 old urban residential compounds were renovated, \\nbenefiting more than 29 million households. \\n6. We ensured China’s food security and vigorously implemented the rural \\nrevitalization strategy. \\nWe improved policies to boost agriculture and benefit farmers, continuously \\ngave priority to agricultural production, and moved faster to modernize the \\nagricultural sector and rural areas. \\n\\n\\n20 \\n \\nWe worked to enhance overall agricultural production capacity. We stabilized \\nand increased grain acreage, expanded the production of soybeans and other \\noil-yielding crops, improved the composition and geographic distribution of \\nagricultural production, and increased per unit crop yield and the quality of \\ngrains.  \\nWe refined policies to support grain production, kept subsidies for grain \\ngrowers stable, and set minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat at reasonable \\nlevels. Rewards for major grain-producing counties were increased and the \\npolicy-based agricultural insurance system was improved. \\nWe strengthened the protection of cropland, launched an initiative to protect \\nchernozem soils, improved water conservancy infrastructure, and increased the \\narea of high-standard cropland by 30.4 million hectares.  \\nWe developed agricultural belts for ensuring national food security. We \\naccelerated the pace of innovation in seed technology and agricultural machinery \\nand application of new research advances. The rate of mechanization in crops \\nplowing, planting, and harvesting increased from 67 percent to 73 percent.  \\nWe ensured that both Party committees and governments assumed \\nresponsibility for ensuring food security and ensured stable production and supply \\nof grain and other major agricultural products. With these efforts, we have fully \\nsecured the food supply of more than 1.4 billion people. \\nSteady progress was made in rural reform and development. We consolidated \\nand improved the basic rural operation system and completed the work to \\ndetermine, register, and certify contracted rural land rights and the reform of the \\nrural collective property rights system for the current stage. We steadily promoted \\nappropriately scaled agribusiness operations of various types, ensured solid \\ndevelopment of family farms and farmers’ cooperatives, and accelerated the \\ndevelopment of commercial services for agriculture. \\nWe launched rural development initiatives and continued to improve the rural \\nliving environment. We strengthened rural infrastructure such as water, electricity \\nand gas supplies, roads, and mail and communications services. All towns, \\ntownships, and villages where conditions permit are now connected by paved \\nroads and linked to bus networks. Tap water coverage in rural areas increased \\nfrom 80 percent to 87 percent, and the dilapidated houses of more than 24 million \\nrural households were rebuilt over the years. \\nWe deepened the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives, collective \\n\\n\\n21 \\n \\nforest tenure, and state farms. We leveraged local resources to develop rural \\nindustries and helped rural residents secure employment, start businesses, and \\nincrease their incomes.  \\nTo ensure that rural migrant workers were paid on time, we worked \\ncontinuously to solve the problem of wage arrears owed to them, adopted \\nregulations on ensuring their wage payment, and cracked down hard on cases of \\ndeliberately withholding wages. \\n7. We remained committed to opening up wider to the world and expanded \\ninternational economic and trade cooperation to deliver mutually beneficial outcomes. \\nIn response to changes in the external environment, we pursued a more \\nproactive strategy of opening up and worked to boost reform and development \\nwith high-standard opening. \\nImports and exports were kept stable, and their quality was improved. We \\nintensified policy support in terms of export tax rebates, credit insurance, and \\ncredit loans and cut the time for processing export tax rebates to less than six \\nworking days. Foreign exchange services were improved.  \\nWe developed new forms of foreign trade, built 152 new integrated pilot zones \\nfor cross-border e-commerce, and supported the establishment of overseas \\nwarehouses. Major trade events such as the China International Import Expo, the \\nChina Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, \\nand the China International Consumer Products Expo delivered positive results.  \\nWe simplified customs clearance procedures and reduced the clearance time \\nfor imports and exports by 67 percent and 92 percent, respectively, bringing about \\na significant reduction in related compliance costs. The overall tariff level fell from \\n9.8 percent to 7.4 percent over the five years.  \\nWe advanced trials for innovative development of trade in services across the \\nboard and adopted the negative list for cross-border trade in services. With steady \\ngrowth, imports and exports have bolstered China’s economic development. \\nWe took proactive and effective moves to utilize foreign investment. The \\nregulations for implementing the Foreign Investment Law were issued, further \\nimproving the business environment for foreign investors. Market access for \\nforeign investment was also steadily expanded. Items on the negative lists for \\nforeign investment respectively covering the whole country and pilot free trade \\nzones were reduced by 51 percent and 72 percent. The entire manufacturing sector \\nwas generally opened up, and opening in finance and other service sectors was \\n\\n\\n22 \\n \\ncontinuously enhanced.  \\nA total of 21 pilot free trade zones have been established in China, and steady \\nstrides have been made in the development of Hainan Free Trade Port. Across all \\nlocalities, new approaches were developed to strengthen services for promoting \\nforeign investment, and greater efforts were made to attract foreign investment \\nand facilitate project implementation. With a large number of major foreign \\ninvestment projects launched in our country over the past five years, China has \\nremained a favored destination for overseas investment. \\nWe promoted high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. We remained \\ncommitted to achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration, \\nobserved market principles and international rules, and carried out a number of \\nprojects to boost connectivity and industrial capacity cooperation. Imports and \\nexports between China and other BRI countries increased at an annual rate of 13.4 \\npercent, and exchanges and cooperation between China and these countries \\nregistered steady progress in a wide range of areas.  \\nWe provided guidance which ensured sound and orderly development of \\noutbound investment, and we strengthened overseas risk prevention and control. \\nSix free trade agreements were newly concluded or upgraded; and the share of \\ntrade with our free trade partners increased from 26 percent to around 35 percent \\nof China’s total trade volume.  \\nWe remained firm in upholding the multilateral trading regime and opposed \\ntrade protectionism. We properly handled economic and trade frictions and \\npromoted trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. \\n8. We strengthened environmental protection and pursued green and low-carbon \\ndevelopment. \\nStaying true to the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable \\nassets, we improved systems of ecological conservation, struck a balance between \\ndevelopment and conservation, and steadily built up our capacity for promoting \\nsustainable development. \\nWe strengthened pollution control and ecological conservation. Applying \\ntargeted, law-based, and science-driven approaches, we worked harder to prevent \\nand control pollution. We made major efforts to control multiple pollutants in a \\ncoordinated way and across all regions. In cities at and above the prefectural level, \\nair quality was good or excellent on 86.5% of the days over the past five years, a \\n4-percentage-point increase.  \\n\\n\\n23 \\n \\nBlack malodorous water bodies in cities at and above the prefectural level were \\ngenerally cleaned up. We intensified pollution prevention and control for major \\nrivers, lakes, and offshore areas. We also strengthened efforts to prevent and \\ncontrol soil pollution risks and restore polluted soil, and stepped up the treatment \\nof solid waste and new pollutants.  \\nWe completed the tasks of drawing redlines to protect ecosystems, farmland, \\nand permanent basic cropland and of delineating urban development boundaries. \\nWe promoted the conservation and improvement of mountains, waters, forests, \\nfarmlands, grasslands, and deserts in a holistic and systematic way. We launched \\nmajor ecological projects and instituted systems of river, lake, and forest chiefs \\nnationwide. The 10-year ban on fishing in key water bodies of the Yangtze River \\nbasin was fully enforced. Biodiversity protection was bolstered, and the system of \\ncompensation for ecological conservation was improved. \\nForest coverage has risen to over 24 percent, and over 50 percent of all \\nwetlands are now under protection. The area of land affected by soil erosion, \\ndesertification, and sandification was reduced by 106,000 square kilometers, 38,000 \\nsquare kilometers, and 33,000 square kilometers, respectively. More and more, our \\npeople now enjoy blue skies, clear waters, and lush mountains. \\nWe made steady progress in energy conservation and carbon reduction. We \\nboth ensured a stable and secure energy supply and promoted green and \\nlow-carbon development. We worked toward the targets of peak carbon emissions \\nand carbon neutrality with well-conceived and systematic steps.  \\nThe energy mix was further improved. Coal-fired generators with a total \\ncapacity of over 1.05 billion kilowatts achieved ultra-low emissions. Installed \\ncapacity of renewable power increased from 650 million kilowatts to more than 1.2 \\nbillion kilowatts. The share of clean energy in total energy consumption increased \\nfrom 20.8 percent to over 25 percent.  \\nWe made an all-embracing push to promote resource conservation, developed \\ngreen sectors and a circular economy, and encouraged R&D and application of \\nenergy-saving and environmental protection technologies and products. Financial \\nsupport for green development was scaled up. Improvements were made to \\nperformance evaluations for energy consumption targets.  \\nInternationally, China played an active part in cooperation on addressing \\nclimate change, contributing its part to global climate governance. \\n9. We took concrete steps to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing and \\n\\n\\n24 \\n \\naccelerated the development of social programs.  \\nActing on a people-centered philosophy of development, we continued to \\nincrease inputs in areas important to people’s wellbeing, meet people’s basic needs, \\nprovide a cushion for those most in need, and promote social fairness. We \\ndelivered higher-quality public services and continued to improve the wellbeing of \\nour people through development. \\nWe developed more equitable and higher-quality education. Education is \\npivotal to the enduring prosperity of a country. We kept annual budgetary \\nspending on education at over 4 percent of GDP and realized a significant increase \\nin spending per student.  \\nWe steadily intensified efforts to shore up weak links in rural compulsory \\neducation, largely resolved the problem of oversized classes in urban schools, and \\nmade strides in providing schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities. \\nThe retention rate in nine-year compulsory education rose from 93.8 percent to 95.5 \\npercent.  \\nWe saw to it that compulsory education was provided as an overall state \\nresponsibility; and we guided and regulated the development of private schools. \\nThe burden on students in compulsory education was reduced. The nutrition \\nimprovement program was continued, benefiting over 37 million students every \\nyear. We ensured that teachers, especially those in rural schools, received their pay \\npackages in full.  \\nThe provision of preschool education was increased through multiple channels. \\nThe goal of universal senior secondary education was attained. Vocational \\neducation was made more adaptable, and conditions in vocational schools were \\nsteadily improved.  \\nWe took active yet prudent steps to advance comprehensive reform of the \\ncollege entrance examination system and raised the gross enrollment ratio for \\nhigher education from 45.7 percent to 59.6 percent. Universities and colleges \\ncontinued to enroll more students from central and western regions and rural areas. \\nThe cap was significantly raised for government-subsidized loans to college \\nstudents from families with financial difficulties.  \\nWe launched a plan that enables institutions of higher learning to recruit \\nstudents who excel in basic academic disciplines, as well as a plan to cultivate top \\ntalent in basic disciplines. We opened 288 training centers for high-performing \\nstudents in basic disciplines and continued to develop world-class universities and \\n\\n\\n25 \\n \\nworld-class disciplines. By doing so, we have laid a solid foundation for talent \\ndevelopment. \\nOur ability to provide medical and health services was enhanced. We pressed \\nahead with the Healthy China initiative and deepened the reform of medical and \\nhealthcare systems. We made basic medical and healthcare services available to the \\nentire population as a public good and made it easier and more affordable for \\npeople to access medical treatment.  \\nBenefits under the basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance \\nschemes continued to grow, and annual per capita government subsidies for basic \\nmedical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents increased from 450 \\nyuan to 610 yuan. A greater number of urgently needed medicines were approved \\nfor reimbursement under the basic medical insurance scheme. On-the-spot \\nsettlement of cross-provincial outpatient and inpatient medical bills was realized, \\nwith over 57 million applications for settlement approved. We made bulk \\ngovernment purchases of medicines and medical consumables, thus cutting \\nmedical bills by more than 400 billion yuan. Thirteen national medical research \\ncenters and 76 regional medical centers were opened.  \\nComprehensive reform of public hospitals was carried out across the board, \\nthe capacity for providing medical and health services at the county level was \\nsteadily increased, and the tiered diagnosis and treatment system was refined.  \\nThe preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine \\nwas promoted. Annual per capita government subsidies for basic public health \\nservices were increased from 50 yuan to 84 yuan. We reformed and improved the \\nsystem for disease prevention and control. The National Administration of Disease \\nPrevention and Control was inaugurated, and the systems for major epidemic \\nprevention, control, and treatment and for providing emergency supplies were \\nimproved. With these efforts, we have protected the health of our people. \\nWe improved social security and social services. A central regulation system \\nfor basic old-age insurance funds was set up. We increased basic pension benefits \\nfor retirees for several years running and raised the minimum basic old-age \\nbenefits for rural and non-working urban residents. Urban and rural subsistence \\nallowances, benefits for entitled groups, unemployment insurance, and workers’ \\ncompensation were steadily increased.  \\nWe took proactive steps to address population aging and promoted \\ndevelopment of both elderly care programs and elderly care services. We \\n\\n\\n26 \\n \\nencouraged the development of community and at-home elderly care services by \\noffering policy support in terms of tax, rent, and charges for water, electricity, and \\nnatural gas. Integrated medical and elderly care services were promoted. The \\nthree-child policy was launched, and supporting measures were put into effect.  \\nWe refined the system of management and support for ex-service members \\nand provided them with better services and benefits. The rights and interests of \\nwomen and children were better protected. The system for supporting and caring \\nfor people with disabilities was improved.  \\nWe also improved the social assistance system, strengthened ongoing \\nmonitoring for low-income groups, and provided people in difficulty with prompt \\nassistance. Temporary assistance was provided 11 million times on average each \\nyear. With these efforts, we have firmly secured the safety net for meeting the basic \\nneeds of people in difficulty. \\nPeople’s intellectual and cultural lives were enriched. Core socialist values \\nwere fostered and observed. Public initiatives were launched to promote cultural \\nand ethical advancement. The press and publishing, radio, film, and television, \\nliterature and art, philosophy and social sciences, and archiving as well as other \\nundertakings were developed. Think tanks were strengthened.  \\nSolid steps were taken to promote in-depth integrated development of media. \\nCommunication with international audiences was improved. New ways were \\ncreated to enhance online content development. Fine traditional Chinese culture \\nwas kept alive and thrived, and China’s cultural artifacts and cultural heritage \\nwere better protected and preserved. Cultural projects were launched to benefit the \\npublic, and public libraries, museums, art galleries, and cultural centers were \\nopened to the public free of charge.  \\nWe continued to foster a love of reading among our people, supported the \\ndevelopment of the cultural sector, and promoted scientific literacy. Chinese \\nathletes excelled in competition; extensive Fitness-for-All activities were carried \\nout. \\n \\n10．We continued to perform government functions in accordance with the law \\nand develop new ways of conducting governance and ensured social stability. \\n \\nWe stepped up efforts to develop a law-based government and ensured \\neconomic and social activities were carried out in compliance with the law. We \\nexercised law-based government administration, served the common good of all, \\nand saw that the law was enforced in a strict, procedure-based, impartial, and \\n\\n\\n27 \\n \\nnon-abusive way. The power of the government comes from the people; it should \\nnot be wielded as one pleases and the exercise of power must be subject to \\nsupervision.  \\nWe worked to improve laws, regulations and rules, submitted 50 legislative \\nproposals to the Standing Committee of the NPC for deliberation, and formulated \\nor revised 180 sets of administrative regulations.  \\nWe in governments at all levels, in compliance with the law, subjected \\nourselves to the oversight of people’s congresses and their standing committees at \\nthe corresponding level and readily submitted to the democratic oversight of the \\nCPPCC, public oversight, and oversight through public opinion. We handled with \\ncareful attention recommendations from NPC deputies and proposals by CPPCC \\nNational Committee members. We also strengthened oversight based on audits \\nand statistics.  \\nWe continued to make government affairs more transparent. Accountability \\ninspections were carried out by the State Council. We supported trade unions, \\nCommunist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s \\norganizations in better playing their roles.  \\n \\nWe developed new and better forms of social governance. We advanced the \\nmodernization of urban social governance, improved primary-level governance, \\nand provided better community services. We supported the sound development of \\nsocial organizations, humanitarian assistance, social work, volunteer services, \\npublic welfare, charitable initiatives, and other related services.  \\nWe made headway in clearing the backlog of public complaint cases. We \\nadvanced the development of the social credit system, improved the public legal \\nservice system, and tightened supervision over food, drugs, and vaccines.  \\nAn initiative to enhance workplace safety was launched. We reformed and \\nstrengthened emergency management, enhanced our capacity for disaster \\nprevention, mitigation, and relief, effectively protected against floods, droughts, \\nforest and grassland fires, geological disasters, and earthquakes, and provided \\nquality meteorological services.  \\nWe made further progress in building up the national security system and \\ncapabilities. We continued to take a full range of measures to maintain law and \\norder, cracked down hard on illegal and criminal activities of all types, and \\nlaunched campaigns to combat organized crime and handed out severe \\npunishments, in accordance with the law, to criminal gangs and those who \\n\\n\\n28 \\n \\nprovided protection for them, thus making fresh headway in building a peaceful \\nChina and advancing the rule of law in China. \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\n \\nOver the past five years, we in governments at all levels faithfully \\nimplemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic plans for full and rigorous \\nParty self-governance, launched both initiatives to raise awareness of the need to \\nstay true to the Party’s founding mission and programs to study the Party’s history, \\nand carried forward the great founding spirit of the Party.  \\nWe strictly complied with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on \\nimproving work conduct and kept up our efforts to tackle pointless formalities, \\nbureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, with emphasis on the first two. \\nSpending on official overseas visits, vehicles for official use, and official hospitality \\nwas slashed.  \\nWe resolutely investigated and strictly dealt with instances of constructing \\ngovernment buildings in breach of regulations and cases of tax evasion. Greater \\nefforts were made to build a government of integrity. All of us in government have \\nreadily placed ourselves under the oversight of the law, supervisory bodies, and \\nthe people. \\n \\nThere is no shortcut to achieving economic and social development; only solid \\nwork will deliver it. Over these five years, we followed the guidance of Xi Jinping \\nThought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully \\nimplemented the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic policy. Taking economic \\ndevelopment as our central task, we strived to pursue high-quality development, \\ntackled challenges and difficulties head-on, fulfilled our commitments with solid \\nwork, and made concerted efforts to promote development.  \\nWe took meeting the people’s expectations as the goal of our governance, \\nalways kept the people uppermost in our minds, and put their interests above all \\nelse. We fully heeded their views, endeavored to gain a full understanding of their \\nneeds, and spared no effort to solve the pressing difficulties and problems that \\nconcerned them most.  \\nWe adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts, with full respect for \\nobjective laws, and resolutely opposed empty talk and boastfulness, window \\ndressing, vanity projects, and rash and reckless moves.  \\nBy carrying out reform and making unremitting efforts, we resolved problems \\n\\n\\n29 \\n \\nand fostered vitality. We applauded those who lived up to their responsibilities \\nand held to full account those who were incompetent and indolent. We respected \\nthe pioneering spirit of the people and kept all motivated, thus creating a powerful \\nforce for advancing development.  \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\nOver the past five years, we created new ways to improve work related to \\nethnic groups, religious affairs, and overseas Chinese. We consolidated and \\ndeveloped socialist ethnic relations featuring equality, unity, mutual assistance, \\nand harmony, with fresh headway achieved in ethnic solidarity and progress. We \\nimplemented the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs and saw that religions in \\nChina further adapted to the Chinese context. We continued to improve our work \\non overseas Chinese affairs, thus giving full play to the unique strengths and \\nimportant role of overseas Chinese nationals in China’s modernization drive. \\nWe remained committed to the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s \\narmed forces. A series of major achievements were made in national defense and \\nmilitary development. As a result, a number of significant changes took place in \\nthis domain.  \\nThe people’s armed forces intensified efforts to enhance their political loyalty, \\nto strengthen themselves through reform, scientific and technological advances, \\nand personnel training, and to practice law-based governance. They stepped up \\nmilitary training, increased combat preparedness, and became a much more \\nmodernized and capable fighting force.  \\nThey carried out operations in a firm and flexible way; and they effectively \\nconducted major missions relating to border defense, maritime rights protection, \\ncounterterrorism and stability maintenance, disaster rescue and relief, Covid-19 \\nresponse, peacekeeping, and merchant ship escorting. Our national defense \\nmobilization capability was boosted. With these efforts, we fully safeguarded \\nChina’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. \\n \\nWe made fresh progress in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. \\nWe exercised effective overall jurisdiction over the two special administrative \\nregions of Hong Kong and Macao in accordance with China’s Constitution and the \\nbasic laws of the two regions, formulated and put into effect the Law of the \\nPeople’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong \\nSpecial Administrative Region, and applied the principle that Hong Kong and \\n\\n\\n30 \\n \\nMacao should be administered by patriots. We have ensured that Hong Kong has \\nentered a new stage in which it has restored order and is set to thrive.  \\nWe promoted the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater \\nBay Area and supported Hong Kong and Macao in developing their economies, \\nimproving living standards, responding to Covid-19, and maintaining stability.  \\nWe implemented the Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving the \\nTaiwan question and resolutely fought against separatism and countered \\ninterference. We continued efforts to promote the peaceful development of \\ncross-Strait relations.  \\n \\nWe conducted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all \\nfronts. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders visited many \\ncountries and attended, online or offline, many major diplomatic events, including \\nG20 \\nsummits, \\nAPEC \\neconomic \\nleaders’ \\nmeetings, \\nhigh-level \\nmeetings \\ncommemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations, the East Asia leaders’ \\nmeetings on cooperation, and China-EU summits.  \\nChina also hosted a number of major diplomatic events, including the Qingdao \\nSummit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the 14th BRICS Summit, the \\nHigh-Level Dialogue on Global Development, the first and second Belt and Road \\nforums for international cooperation, and the Beijing Summit of the Forum on \\nChina-Africa Cooperation.  \\nWith courage and ability to stand our ground, we resolutely safeguarded \\nChina’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. We actively expanded \\nglobal partnerships, worked to build an open world economy, safeguarded \\nmultilateralism, and promoted the building of a human community with a shared \\nfuture.  \\nAs a responsible major country, China played significant and constructive \\nroles in enhancing international Covid-19 cooperation and addressing global \\nchallenges and regional hotspot issues, thus making important contributions to \\nglobal peace and development. \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\n \\nWe owe our achievements in these five years to the strong leadership of the \\nParty Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the sound guidance \\nof Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, \\nand the concerted efforts of the whole Party, the armed forces, and Chinese people \\n\\n\\n31 \\n \\nof all ethnic groups.  \\nOn behalf of the State Council, I would like to express sincere gratitude to all \\nour people, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public \\nfigures from all sectors of society. I express heartfelt appreciation to our fellow \\ncountrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative \\nregions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I would also like to express heartfelt thanks to \\nthe governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across \\nthe world who have shown understanding and support for us in China as we \\npursue modernization. \\n \\nWhile recognizing our achievements, we are keenly aware that China is still a \\nlarge, developing country. It remains in the primary stage of socialism with \\nprominent imbalances and inadequacies in its development. Today, many \\ndifficulties and challenges still confront us.  \\nUncertainties in the external environment are on the rise. Global inflation \\nremains high, global economic and trade growth is losing steam, and external \\nattempts to suppress and contain China are escalating.  \\nAt home, the foundation for stable growth needs to be consolidated, \\ninsufficient demand remains a pronounced problem, and the expectations of \\nprivate investors and businesses are unstable. MSMEs and self-employed \\nindividuals face multiple difficulties in business and production operations. The \\ntask of maintaining employment stability is challenging, and the budgetary \\nimbalances of some local governments are substantial. There are many risks and \\nhidden dangers in the real estate market. The operating risks of some small and \\nmedium financial institutions have been exposed.  \\n \\n There are still many institutional barriers hindering development. Our \\ncapacity for scientific and technological innovation needs to be further improved. \\nWe still have a long way to go in protecting the environment. There are still major \\nweak links in urban and rural infrastructure for disaster prevention and mitigation \\nand other purposes. Weak links also persist in areas important to the people’s \\nlives.  \\nPointless formalities and bureaucratism remain acute issues. Some local \\ngovernments have used one-size-fits-all approaches or taken excessive measures \\nwhen implementing policies. Some officials fail to fulfill their duties, act arbitrarily, \\nor have a narrow focus in work. Some are detached from reality, go against the \\npublic will, or disregard the legitimate rights and interests of the people. \\n\\n\\n32 \\n \\nCorruption remains a common problem in some fields, sectors, and localities. \\nRegarding government work, the people have expressed some views and \\nsuggestions which deserve our full attention.  \\nWe must face these problems and challenges squarely, make every effort to \\nmake improvements, and do all we can to live up to the people’s trust. \\n \\nII. Recommendations for the Work of Government in 2023 \\n \\n \\nThis year is the first year for fully implementing the guiding principles from \\nthe Party’s 20th National Congress. For the government to deliver, it is important, \\nunder the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi \\nJinping at its core, to do the following:  \\n \\nfollow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese \\nCharacteristics for a New Era; \\n \\nimplement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress;  \\n \\nact on the guidelines of the Central Economic Work Conference; \\n \\nmake solid progress in advancing Chinese modernization; \\n \\nact on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability; \\n \\nfully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts \\nand move faster to create a new pattern of development; \\n \\npromote high-quality development;  \\n \\ngive full consideration to both domestic and international imperatives;  \\n \\nrespond to Covid-19 and pursue economic and social development in a \\nmore coordinated way; \\n \\nbetter ensure development and security;  \\n \\ndeepen reform and opening up in all respects; \\n \\nboost market confidence; \\n \\npursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and deepen \\nsupply-side structural reform; \\n \\ngive priority to ensuring stable growth, employment, and prices; \\n \\neffectively prevent and defuse major risks; \\n \\npromote a full economic recovery; \\n \\neffectively pursue higher-quality growth and appropriately increase \\neconomic output; \\n \\nkeep working to improve people’s lives; and  \\n\\n\\n33 \\n \\n \\nmaintain overall social stability. \\nThese efforts will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all \\nrespects. \\n \\nThe main projected targets for development this year are as follows:  \\n \\nGDP growth of around 5 percent; \\n \\naround 12 million new urban jobs; \\n \\nsurveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent; \\n \\nCPI increase of around 3 percent; \\n \\ngrowth in personal income that is generally in step with economic growth; \\n \\nsteady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports; \\n \\na basic equilibrium in the balance of payments; \\n \\ngrain output of over 650 million metric tons; \\n \\ncontinued reductions in energy consumption per unit of GDP and in the \\ndischarge of major pollutants, with priority on controlling fossil fuel \\nconsumption; and  \\n \\nsteady improvements in the quality of the eco-environment. \\nThis year, it is essential to prioritize economic stability and pursue progress \\nwhile ensuring stability. Policies should be kept consistent and targeted, and they \\nshould be carried out in more coordinated way to create synergy for high-quality \\ndevelopment.  \\nWe should enhance the intensity and effectiveness of our proactive fiscal policy. \\nA deficit-to-GDP ratio of 3 percent has been projected for this year. We should \\nimprove preferential tax and fee policies, and extend and further refine policies on \\ntax and fee cuts, tax rebates, and tax deferrals as the situation requires. We should \\nsee that at the primary level, basic living needs are met, salary payments are \\nensured, and normal government functioning is maintained.  \\nWe should do more to implement a prudent monetary policy in a targeted way. \\nThe M2 money supply and aggregate financing should increase generally in step \\nwith nominal economic growth to provide support for the real economy. The RMB \\nexchange rate should be kept generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.  \\nIn adopting industrial policies, we should give consideration to both \\ndevelopment and security imperatives. We should promote the transformation and \\nupgrading of traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen strategic emerging \\nindustries, and take forceful steps to shore up weak links in industrial chains.  \\nScientific and technological policies should aim at building up our country’s \\n\\n\\n34 \\n \\nstrength and self-reliance in science and technology. The new system for \\nmobilizing resources nationwide should be improved, we should better leverage \\nthe role of the government in pooling resources to make key technological \\nbreakthroughs, and enterprises should be the principal actors in innovation.  \\nSocial policies should meet basic living needs. To effectively ensure people’s \\nbasic wellbeing, we should take concrete measures to fully implement the \\nemployment-first policy and place a higher priority on promoting the employment \\nof young people, particularly college graduates. \\nChina has entered a phase of regular Covid-19 response, in which prevention \\nand control measures for Class B infectious diseases are applied. We must ensure \\nour response is well-conceived, more targeted, and more effective. We should \\nprotect people’s health and prevent severe cases, with an emphasis on prevention \\nand treatment for the elderly, children, and people with underlying medical \\nconditions. Covid-19 vaccines should be upgraded and new drugs should be \\ndeveloped. We should ensure people’s access to medicines and medical services to \\nprotect their lives and health. \\nThis year, a new central government leadership will be elected. Going forward, \\nthe work outlined in the previous section of this report relating to economic and \\nsocial development must be pushed forward with relentless efforts. I would now \\nlike to brief you on several key priorities. \\n1. Expanding domestic demand \\nWe should give priority to the recovery and expansion of consumption. The \\nincomes of urban and rural residents should be boosted through multiple channels. \\nWe should stabilize spending on big-ticket items and promote recovery in \\nconsumption of consumer services. We should see that government investment \\nand policy incentives effectively drive investment society-wide. \\nIt is proposed that 3.8 trillion yuan be allocated for special-purpose bonds for \\nlocal governments this year. Implementation of major projects set out in the 14th \\nFive-Year Plan will be sped up. Urban renewal projects should also be launched. \\nWe should promote complementary development between regions and see that \\neach region fully leverages its strengths. We should encourage and attract more \\nprivate capital into major state projects and projects aimed at addressing areas of \\nweakness in order to stimulate private investment. \\n2. Accelerating the modernization of the industrial system \\nWe should, with a focus on key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector, \\n\\n\\n35 \\n \\npool quality resources and make concerted efforts to achieve breakthroughs in core \\ntechnologies in key fields.  \\nWe should redouble efforts to explore and develop important energy and \\nmineral resources, discover more reserves, and boost production. We should speed \\nup the digitalization of traditional industries and SMEs to make them higher-end, \\nsmarter, and more eco-friendly. R&D and application of cutting-edge technologies \\nshould be accelerated. We should improve the modern logistics system. We should \\nstrive to develop the digital economy, step up regular oversight, and support the \\ndevelopment of the platform economy. \\n3. Unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly \\nencouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector \\nWe should deepen reform of state-owned capital and SOEs and enhance the \\ncore competitiveness of SOEs. We should continue with a category-based approach \\nto reform and see that SOEs fulfill both their economic and social responsibilities \\nand that they improve their modern corporate governance with distinctive Chinese \\nfeatures.  \\nWe should, in accordance with the law, protect the property rights of private \\nenterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs. We should encourage \\nand support the private sector and private businesses in growing and expanding \\nand support MSMEs and self-employed individuals in business development.  \\nWe should cultivate a cordial and clean relationship between government and \\nbusiness and create an environment in which enterprises under all forms of \\nownership can compete and grow on a level playing field. Effective measures and \\npolicies should be rolled out to boost market expectations and confidence. \\n4. Intensifying efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment \\nWe should expand market access and continue to open up the modern services \\nsector. We should ensure national treatment for foreign-funded companies.  \\nWe should take active steps to see China join the Comprehensive and \\nProgressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and accede to other \\nhigh-standard economic and trade agreements, and steadily expand institutional \\nopening up by proactively adopting relevant rules, regulations, management, and \\nstandards. We should continue to leverage the role of imports and exports in \\ndriving economic growth. We should improve services for foreign-funded \\ncompanies and facilitate the launch of landmark foreign-funded projects.  \\nWith a vast and open market, China is sure to provide even greater business \\n\\n\\n36 \\n \\nopportunities for foreign companies in China.  \\n5. Effectively preventing and defusing major economic and financial risks \\nWe need to deepen reform of the financial system, improve financial regulation, \\nand see that all those involved assume their full responsibilities to guard against \\nregional and systemic financial risks. We should ensure effective risk prevention \\nand mitigation in high-quality, leading real estate enterprises, help them improve \\ndebt-to-asset ratios, and prevent unregulated expansion in the real estate market to \\npromote stable development of the real estate sector.  \\nTo prevent and defuse local government debt risks, we should improve the \\nmix of debt maturities, reduce the burden of interest payments, and prevent a \\nbuild-up of new debts while working to reduce existing ones. \\n6. Stabilizing grain output and advancing rural revitalization \\nWe should keep total grain acreage at a stable level, promote the production of \\noilseed crops, and launch a new drive to increase grain production capacity by 50 \\nmillion metric tons. We should improve contingency plans for ensuring the \\nprovision of agricultural supplies at stable prices. We should ramp up the \\ndevelopment of high-standard cropland, facilities for irrigation and water \\nconservancy, and other agricultural infrastructure. We should invigorate the seed \\nindustry and support the development of agricultural science, technology, and \\nequipment.  \\nRural industries with local features should be fostered to create more channels \\nfor increasing rural incomes. Our achievements in poverty alleviation should be \\nconsolidated and expanded to prevent large-scale relapse into poverty. Rural \\ndevelopment initiatives should be advanced. We must meticulously and effectively \\ncarry out work related to the extension of rural land contracts for an additional 30 \\nyears. \\n7. Continuing the transition to green development \\nPollution prevention and control should be intensified. We should improve \\nurban-rural environmental infrastructure and continue to implement major \\nprojects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. We should promote R&D for \\nthe clean and efficient use of coal and move faster to develop a new energy system.  \\nWe should improve policies for green development, develop the circular \\neconomy, promote efficient and intensive use of resources, advance energy \\nconservation and carbon reduction in key areas, and continue working to keep our \\nskies blue, waters clear, and lands clean. \\n\\n\\n37 \\n \\n8. Meeting people’s basic living needs and developing social programs \\nWe should improve the housing support system, support people in buying \\ntheir first homes or improving their housing situation, and help resolve the \\nhousing problems of new urban residents and young people.  \\nWe should promote high-quality, balanced development and urban-rural \\nintegration of compulsory education, intensify efforts to develop vocational \\neducation, and continue to explore new ground in higher education. We should \\nsee that more quality medical resources are channeled toward the community level \\nand more evenly distributed among regions.  \\nWe need to improve elderly care services and refine supporting policies on \\nchildbirth. We should protect the legitimate rights and interests of women, \\nchildren, the elderly, and people with disabilities. We should see that service \\nmembers and their families, ex-service members, and other entitled groups receive \\nthe benefits and subsidies they are entitled to.  \\nWe should develop cultural programs and the cultural sector. We should work \\nto make social governance more effective. Workplace safety supervision should be \\nstrengthened, and disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief efforts should be \\nbolstered.  \\nWe should fully apply a holistic approach to national security and advance the \\nPeaceful China Initiative to a higher level.  \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\n \\nWe should, with a focus on forging a strong sense of community for the \\nChinese nation, uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy and \\nencourage all our ethnic groups to strive in unity for common prosperity and \\ndevelopment.  \\nWe should adhere to the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, follow the \\nprinciple that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, and provide active \\nguidance to religions so that they can adapt themselves to socialist society.  \\nWe should strengthen and improve our work related to Chinese nationals \\noverseas to forge a powerful force for all the sons and daughters of the Chinese \\nnation, both at home and abroad, to work together to make remarkable \\nachievements. \\nWe should fully implement Xi Jinping’s thinking on strengthening the military \\nand the military strategy for the new era. Our armed forces, with a focus on the \\n\\n\\n38 \\n \\ngoals for the centenary of the People’s Liberation Army in 2027, should work to \\ncarry out military operations, boost combat preparedness, and enhance military \\ncapabilities so as to accomplish the tasks entrusted to them by the Party and the \\npeople.  \\nThe armed forces should intensify military training and preparedness across \\nthe board, develop new military strategic guidance, devote greater energy to \\ntraining under combat conditions, and make well-coordinated efforts to strengthen \\nmilitary work in all directions and domains.  \\nWe should improve all-around military governance and build on and expand \\nthe gains of national defense and military reform. We should see that military \\noperations, capacity building, and combat preparedness are well-coordinated in \\nfulfilling major tasks and speed up the implementation of major defense-related \\nprojects.  \\nWe should consolidate and enhance integration of national strategies and \\nstrategic capabilities and step up capacity building in science, technology, and \\nindustries related to national defense.  \\nWe in governments at all levels should give strong support to the development \\nof national defense and the armed forces and conduct extensive activities to \\npromote mutual support between civilian sectors and the military. In doing so, we \\nwill open a new chapter of unity between the military and the government and \\nbetween the military and the people. \\nWe should fully, faithfully, and resolutely implement the policy of One \\nCountry, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong \\nKong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of \\nautonomy.  \\nWe should remain committed to law-based governance in Hong Kong and \\nMacao and ensure that constitutional order in the two regions is upheld as \\nstipulated in China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the two regions, and that \\nHong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots.  \\nWe should support Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies and \\nimproving the lives of their people and maintain long-term prosperity and stability \\nin the two regions. \\nWe should implement our Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving \\nthe Taiwan question, adhere to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, \\nand take resolute steps to oppose “Taiwan independence” and promote \\n\\n\\n39 \\n \\nreunification. We should promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait \\nrelations and advance the process of China’s peaceful reunification.  \\nAs we Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family bound by \\nblood, we should advance economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation \\nacross the Taiwan Strait and improve the systems and policies that contribute to \\nthe wellbeing of our Taiwan compatriots. We should encourage people on both \\nsides of the Strait to jointly promote Chinese culture and advance China’s \\nrejuvenation. \\nWe should stay committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and to \\npeaceful development and pursue friendship and cooperation with other countries \\non the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.  \\nWe should remain firm in pursuing a strategy of opening up for mutual benefit. \\nWe should continue working to safeguard world peace, contribute to global \\ndevelopment, and uphold the international order.  \\nChina stands ready to work with the international community to put into \\naction the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative and \\npromote the shared values of humanity.  \\nLet us join hands to promote the building of a human community with a \\nshared future and safeguard world peace and regional stability. \\n \\nFellow Deputies, \\n \\nGreat achievements can only come from hard work; a bright future can only be \\nsecured through solid efforts.  \\nLet us rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi \\nJinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese \\ncharacteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with \\nChinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fully implement the guiding principles \\nfrom the Party’s 20th National Congress.  \\nLet us forge ahead with perseverance and resolve, promote sound and \\nsustainable economic and social development, and keep working to build a \\nmodern socialist country in all respects. \\nLet us strive to advance national rejuvenation on all fronts and build China \\ninto a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, \\nculturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.\",\"difficulty\":\"easy\",\"domain\":\"Single-Document QA\",\"length\":\"short\",\"question\":\"Which of the following suggestions for the new year's initiatives is correct?\",\"sub_domain\":\"Governmental\"}","display_format":"text","language":"","answer_status":"published","assets":[],"source_url":"https://huggingface.co/datasets/zai-org/LongBench-v2","history":"initial import","indexing_mode":"noindex","subproblems":[],"grids":[]}