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MMLU-Pro / 2951 / In Japan, the frequency of the R-governed multiple drug-resistant strain…

Problem

Answer published by the source. Consult the official source to check your work against its answer.

question

In Japan, the frequency of the R-governed multiple drug-resistant strain ofShigella, which causes dysentery, rose from 0.2 percent in 1953 to 58 percent in 1965. Also, 84 percent of the E. coli and 90 percent of Proteus collected from affected hospital patients showed similar resistance. How could such an increase happen?

category

biology

options

  1. The bacteria developed immunity to antibiotics
  2. The bacteria were genetically modified
  3. Transfer of resistance genes from non-pathogenic to pathogenic bacteria through horizontal gene transfer
  4. A decline in vaccination rates leading to increased bacterial spread
  5. Over-prescription of antibiotics in livestock agriculture leading to cross-species transfer of resistance
  6. Natural selection favored bacteria that were inherently resistant to antibiotics
  7. The bacteria mutated rapidly
  8. Increased use of antibacterial soaps and disinfectants in hospitals
  9. Introduction of new antibiotics that were less effective against resistant strains
  10. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics selected for drug-resistant bacteria which can then pass their resistance to potentially harmful strains.

src

stemez-Genetics

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Source and history

upstream_id / Original problem ID
2951
task_id
cb16db28-3e9a-58b3-8603-464082057e83
task_key
default--test--2951
task_revision_id
1
config / split
default / test

Official source

initial import