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FrontierScience
Science
FrontierScience evaluates the ability to solve expert-level scientific tasks. Its public data separates olympiad and research problems so that competition and research tasks can be examined independently.
frontierscience
Full text: eligible public problems include text, images and discussion.
History
OpenAI published the FrontierScience dataset on Hugging Face in December 2025 to evaluate expert-level scientific problem solving. Its public data separates olympiad problems from research problems, allowing performance on the two kinds of scientific work to be examined independently.
At a glance
What a problem looks like
Scientific problems; the selected olympiad import accepts scalar problem and subject fields.
How it is scored
For the 100 imported problems, the source ships an answer with every problem; this catalogue keeps it in restricted storage and never renders it.
Why it is hard
Requires solving expert-level scientific tasks.
Limitations and criticism
The catalogue selection covers 100 olympiad test records rather than the research portion of FrontierScience. Performance on that selection therefore does not establish performance on the research tasks. Solving written scientific problems also does not directly measure experimental execution or the validation of a new scientific finding.
Reference links
Discussion
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Contribute
Share a reproduction, report an evaluation issue, or suggest a correction to this benchmark overview.
Tasks
Whole public benchmark.
- Public problems
- 100
- Formats
- text (100)
- Problems with images
- 0
- Answer availability
- Answer published by the source (100)
- Configs
- olympiad (100)
- Splits
- test (100)
- Awaiting a first discussion
- 100
- Problems with a discussion
- 0
- Public contributions
- 0
Provenance and terms
Pinned source revisions, newest first:
25ed67db7da8f4591484e764008ff585544f5a30· acquired 2026-09-09 · release786d4ab34bb025ed67db7da8f4591484e764008ff585544f5a30· acquired 2026-09-09 · release04c1630d709925ed67db7da8f4591484e764008ff585544f5a30· acquired 2026-09-09 · release58981f75b05c25ed67db7da8f4591484e764008ff585544f5a30· acquired 2026-09-09 · releaseb16673084a41
- Unknown metal M reacts with chlorine (Cl2) leading to compound B. Compound B…
Answer published by the source
- For rising moist air of molar heat capacity `c_(p)`, molar latent heat `L`, molar mass `M`, the temperature fluctuates with height. You can assume `…
Answer published by the source
- HEK293T cells were treated with 2.5 µM CPT, a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor,…
Answer published by the source
- We simulate a single polymer with the following model: As shown in the figure, a…
Answer published by the source
- A thin-walled insulated container of mass `M` (ignoring the thickness of the container) floats in space (considered as a vacuum), initially at rest, filled with `N₀` molecules of n…
Answer published by the source
- Suppose we have an object with large mass `M`. An object with mass `m` moves within the gravitational field created by `M`. Assume `m≪M`. Assume the angular momentum of `m` relativ…
Answer published by the source
- Salt X is an interesting insoluble potassium salt. It can be formed by…
Answer published by the source
- Consider an infinite two-dimensional plane of nodes arranged in a uniform…
Answer published by the source
- Unknown organic molecule X has a molar mass of 161.1 g/mol and contains exactly…
Answer published by the source
- Consider a dielectric block with polarization `P and internal energy U which obeys` `U(T,P)=CT+f(P) ,`where 𝑓(𝑃) is the polarization-dependent part of the internal energy. where `…
Answer published by the source
- Highly strained and reactive molecule X dimerises readily at temperatures above…
Answer published by the source
- Suppose the Moon is 3 degrees above the horizon and we observe it over the ocean…
Answer published by the source
- A uniformly thick, disk-shaped permanent magnet has a uniform magnetization…
Answer published by the source
- Balance the reaction: …
Answer published by the source
- B1 reacts with aqueous bromine (Br2) to form B2. B2 reacts with potassium…
Answer published by the source
- Two uniform balls of radius `r` and density `ρ` are in contact with each other, and they revolve around a uniform ball of radius `R₀` and density `ρ_(M)` with the same angular velo…
Answer published by the source
- 1H NMR spectrum of unknown molecule X contains a singlet for 2H at 3.3 ppm, a…
Answer published by the source
- Unknown molecule X reacts with…
Answer published by the source
- A jar of lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4) is spilled into a water well. By further…
Answer published by the source
- One of the isotopes was extracted from another isotope through boiling of the…
Answer published by the source
- Domain Wall 2**
Answer published by the source
- Consider a flat billiards table with a round spherical ball kept on it. The…
Answer published by the source
- Consider a pendulum with a length `l` and a mass `m` at the end, where the mass of the rod is negligible and the pendulum bob is treated as a point mass. The pendulum is placed inv…
Answer published by the source
- A dielectric sphere of radius …(B)→=−B₀(y)^` with constant velocity `(v)→=v(z)^`. Assume that `v` is much smaller than the speed of light. At the instant when the center of the sph…
Answer published by the source
- N-amination of…
Answer published by the source
- A 0.225 g sample of partially oxidized iron (Fe and Fe2O3) is completely…
Answer published by the source
- Biopsies of solid tumors from placebo patients and patients that have been given…
Answer published by the source
- 1H NMR analysis of X in…
Answer published by the source
- A horizontal metal rod has density ρ, length L, circular cross-section radius r≪L, Young's modulus Y≫ρgL³/r² in a gravitational field of strength g. It is fixed at one end to a wal…
Answer published by the source
- We observe the sun about to set across a lake with ripples. The reflection of…
Answer published by the source
- A sample solution is made from a mixture of 100mL of 15.0M ammonia `NH₃` and 100mL of 4.00M citric acid `C₆H₈O₇` solution with 0.1 mol of magnesium oxide `MgO`. 1.00mL of this samp…
Answer published by the source
- A crystal with the perovskite structure `ABX₃` has defects and has been investigated for its real structure. It was found that only 4 corners are occupied by A. 1 B atom occupies t…
Answer published by the source
- The following are the successive ionization energies (n = 1 to 6) of elements D…
Answer published by the source
- The molar mass of fully saturated unknown molecule X containing no oxygen atoms…
Answer published by the source
- | Parameter | Value |
Answer published by the source
- In an inertial Cartesian coordinate system, a semi-infinite perfect conductor…
Answer published by the source
- <INCHI>InChI=1S/C10H12O4/c1-6-4-5-7(10(11)12)9(14-3)8(6)13-2/h4-5H,1-3H3,(H,11,12)</INCHI>,…
Answer published by the source
- A rectangular tank of width `w` along the `x` - axis is filled with a solution with concentration `C(z,t)`, where z is the vertical direction. The solution is in equilibrium. The c…
Answer published by the source
- Consider two atoms separated by a distance `R`. Since they are electrically neutral, there is no force between them in the absence of perturbations. However, if one of the atoms is…
Answer published by the source
- Consider a rocket that works by firing photons through its engine. The rocket…
Answer published by the source
- In a fluid flow, a vortex forms around a central axis, which is a straight line.…
Answer published by the source
- At high temperatures, element A reacts with water to make a binary compound B.…
Answer published by the source
- Molecular cloning is a technique that enables the generation of recombinant…
Answer published by the source
- Colorless gas `A` reacts with pungent-smelling, colored gas `B` when exposed to radiation. From this, poisonous liquid `X` is extracted. `X` reacts with water (`H₂O`) to form two s…
Answer published by the source
- Consider a uniform three-dimensional object of elliptical cross section with…
Answer published by the source
- An unknown compound has a molar mass of 1026.5 and is degraded by glucosidase.…
Answer published by the source
- Consider a vehicle with a proper length of `L` in the `x`-direction.
Answer published by the source
- When discussing the orbits of three stars of equal mass under the influence of…
Answer published by the source
- Consider magnets located in the xz-plane, with the magnetic moments of all…
Answer published by the source
- X is the acidic oxide of an element Y.
Answer published by the source