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question

This question refers to the following information.
While some theorists in the Middle Ages argued that the jihad was a defensive war… most authorities held that the obligation of jihad did not lapse until all the world was brought under the sway of Islam. The Bahr [al-Fava'id, or "Sea of Precious Virtues," written in the 1150s or 1160s] insists that the first duty of a Muslim ruler is to prosecute the jihad and bring about the victory of Islam, and if he does not do so and he makes peace with the infidel, that ruler would be better dead than alive, for he would be corrupting the world.
Robert Irwin, "Islam and the Crusades," 1995
It is strange how the Christians round Mount Lebanon, when they see any Muslim hermits, bring them food and treat them kindly, saying that these men are dedicated to the Great and Glorious God and that they should therefore share with them. Likewise, not one Christian merchant was stopped or hindered in Muslim territories.
Ibn Jubayr, Muslim scholar, traveling to Mecca and Jerusalem, ca. 1185
The second passage undermines traditional historical assumptions by

category

history

options

  1. showing that state-level antagonisms in the Middle East during the crusading era were not always reflected in personal or economic life.
  2. showing how Middle Eastern Muslims during the crusading era did not take religious obligations as seriously as Christians did.
  3. showing how Muslims were on the whole kinder than Christians in the Middle East during the crusading era.
  4. showing how, in the Middle East during the crusading era, economic factors trumped all other considerations.

src

ori_mmlu-high_school_world_history

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Source and history

upstream_id / Original problem ID
4959
task_id
4f29f6bb-96ae-5afa-9176-6fd40376f5b2
task_key
default--test--4959
task_revision_id
1
config / split
default / test

Official source

initial import