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question

This question refers to the following information.
First we must remark that the cosmos is spherical in form, partly because this form being a perfect whole requiring no joints, is the most complete of all, partly because it makes the most capacious form, which is best suited to contain and preserve everything; or again because all the constituent parts of the universe, that is the sun, moon and the planets appear in this form; or because everything strives to attain this form, as appears in the case of drops of water and other fluid bodies if they attempt to define themselves. So no one will doubt that this form belongs to the heavenly bodies. …
That the earth is also spherical is therefore beyond question, because it presses from all sides upon its center. Although by reason of the elevations of the mountains and the depressions of the valleys a perfect circle cannot be understood, yet this does not affect the general spherical nature of the earth. …
As it has been already shown that the earth has the form of a sphere, we must consider whether a movement also coincides with this form, and what place the earth holds in the universe. … The great majority of authors of course agree that the earth stands still in the center of the universe, and consider it inconceivable and ridiculous to suppose the opposite. But if the matter is carefully weighed, it will be seen that the question is not yet settled and therefore by no means to be regarded lightly. Every change of place which is observed is due, namely, to a movement of the observed object or of the observer, or to movements of both. … Now it is from the earth that the revolution of the heavens is observed and it is produced for our eyes. Therefore if the earth undergoes no movement this movement must take place in everything outside of the earth, but in the opposite direction than if everything on the earth moved, and of this kind is the daily revolution. So this appears to affect the whole universe, that is, everything outside the earth with the single exception of the earth itself. If, however, one should admit that this movement was not peculiar to the heavens, but that the earth revolved from west to east, and if this was carefully considered in regard to the apparent rising and setting of the sun, the moon and the stars, it would be discovered that this was the real situation."
Nicolas Copernicus, The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, 1543
From the passage, one could argue that Copernicus was working in

category

history

options

  1. the Ptolemaic tradition
  2. the skeptical tradition
  3. the Stoic tradition
  4. the Aristotelian tradition
  5. the Platonic/Pythagorean tradition
  6. the observational tradition
  7. the Cartesian tradition
  8. the heliocentric tradition
  9. the empirical tradition
  10. the natural magic tradition

src

ori_mmlu-high_school_european_history

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Source and history

upstream_id / Original problem ID
5022
task_id
37c37786-c94f-56c8-bc59-cbf31d91143e
task_key
default--test--5022
task_revision_id
1
config / split
default / test

Official source

initial import