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This question refers to the following information.
While some theorists in the Middle Ages argued that the jihad was a defensive war… most authorities held that the obligation of jihad did not lapse until all the world was brought under the sway of Islam. The Bahr [al-Fava'id, or "Sea of Precious Virtues," written in the 1150s or 1160s] insists that the first duty of a Muslim ruler is to prosecute the jihad and bring about the victory of Islam, and if he does not do so and he makes peace with the infidel, that ruler would be better dead than alive, for he would be corrupting the world.
Robert Irwin, "Islam and the Crusades," 1995
It is strange how the Christians round Mount Lebanon, when they see any Muslim hermits, bring them food and treat them kindly, saying that these men are dedicated to the Great and Glorious God and that they should therefore share with them. Likewise, not one Christian merchant was stopped or hindered in Muslim territories.
Ibn Jubayr, Muslim scholar, traveling to Mecca and Jerusalem, ca. 1185
The first passage tends to support which of the following traditional historical assumptions?

choices

  1. That the majority of Muslims were more peaceful than Christians during the crusading era
  2. That most Muslims were interested only in protecting their own territory during the crusading era
  3. That many Muslims during the crusading era were driven by Islamic faith to be inherently violent
  4. That the ideology of holy war was taken seriously by Muslim elites during the crusading era

subject

high_school_world_history

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Source and history

task_id
2bc26c7c-f32a-5b00-a8ec-ba9131d3797e
task_key
all--test--2bc26c7c-f32a-5b00-a8ec-ba9131d3797e
task_revision_id
1
config / split
all / test

Official source

initial import