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"Indeed, as both the fatwas of distinguished [scholars] who base their opinion on reason and tradition alike and the consensus of the Sunni community agree that the ancient obligation of extirpation, extermination, and expulsion of evil innovation must be the aim of our exalted aspiration, for "Religious zeal is a victory for the Faith of God the Beneficent"; then, in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace upon him!) "Whosoever introduces evil innovation into our order must be expelled" and "Whosoever does aught against our order must be expelled," action has become necessary and exigent…"
Letter from Ottoman Sultan Selim I to Safavid Shah Ismail I, 1514
The Safavids drew the ire of Islamic empires such as the Ottoman and the Mughal Empires primarily because the Safavids

choices

  1. were an expansionist empire geographically located between two other expansionists
  2. rejected the central tenets of Islam
  3. enslaved Christians, and turned them into Safavid fighters
  4. Ismail proclaimed himself to be a Caliph

subject

high_school_world_history

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