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question

This question refers to the following information.
Source 1:
"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms."
Letter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526
Source 2:
"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory."
Instructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512
The tone of the first letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Africa?

choices

  1. A growing dependence on trade with Europe for manufactured goods
  2. Vigorous resistance to European expeditions of conquest
  3. The establishment of Portuguese trading posts along the coastline
  4. The consolidation of states along the Atlantic coast of Africa

subject

high_school_world_history

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Official source

initial import