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MMLU / Federal law prohibits "willingly and knowingly" taking cash in excess of …

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question

Federal law prohibits "willingly and knowingly" taking cash in excess of $10,000 from the U.S. into a foreign country without first reporting the transaction in detail. An owner of a Detroit drug store takes his gross cash receipts each week into a city in Canada where he lives and does his banking. The office of the Deputy Atty. General learned that the owner was doing this, and indicted him on 10 counts of "willingly and knowingly" taking cash over $10,000 into a foreign country without reporting it. The owner's main defense is that he did not know of the law or that he was breaking it. The trial judge instructed the jury that mistake of law is no defense. He was convicted and appealed. Will the federal appellate court likely reverse the conviction?
Plain-text mathematical notation (without MathML)
Federal law prohibits "willingly and knowingly" taking cash in excess of $10,000 from the U.S. into a foreign country without first reporting the transaction in detail. An owner of a Detroit drug store takes his gross cash receipts each week into a city in Canada where he lives and does his banking. The office of the Deputy Atty. General learned that the owner was doing this, and indicted him on 10 counts of "willingly and knowingly" taking cash over $10,000 into a foreign country without reporting it. The owner's main defense is that he did not know of the law or that he was breaking it. The trial judge instructed the jury that mistake of law is no defense. He was convicted and appealed. Will the federal appellate court likely reverse the conviction?
Original LaTeX notation
Federal law prohibits "willingly and knowingly" taking cash in excess of $10,000 from the U.S. into a foreign country without first reporting the transaction in detail. An owner of a Detroit drug store takes his gross cash receipts each week into a city in Canada where he lives and does his banking. The office of the Deputy Atty. General learned that the owner was doing this, and indicted him on 10 counts of "willingly and knowingly" taking cash over $10,000 into a foreign country without reporting it. The owner's main defense is that he did not know of the law or that he was breaking it. The trial judge instructed the jury that mistake of law is no defense. He was convicted and appealed. Will the federal appellate court likely reverse the conviction?

choices

  1. Yes, because willfulness clause requires proof of both knowledge of the law and a specific intent to commit the crime.
  2. Yes, because treaties with Canada make all such reporting laws unenforceable.
  3. No, the practice is so dangerous to the public interest that knowledge and specific intent are not required.
  4. No, willfulness and knowledge are inferred by the habitual practice of transporting the cash.

subject

professional_law

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Source and history

task_id
afc2f61c-c97a-531d-a9b5-aa9636108749
task_key
all--test--afc2f61c-c97a-531d-a9b5-aa9636108749
task_revision_id
1
config / split
all / test

Official source

initial import