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question

This question refers to the following information.
"Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with. Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you. And that prince who, relying entirely on their promises, has neglected other precautions, is ruined; because friendships that are obtained by payments, and not by greatness or nobility of mind, may indeed be earned, but they are not secured, and in time of need cannot be relied upon; and men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails."
Nicolo Machiavelli, The Prince, ca. 1513 C.E.
Which of the following best characterizes the author's attitude in the passage?

choices

  1. Cynicism about the loyalty of a ruler's subjects
  2. Optimism about the fair-mindedness of political leaders
  3. Criticism of the religious establishment
  4. Ambivalence about the future of his economic prospects

subject

high_school_world_history

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Source and history

task_id
e267cdaf-9586-50ed-a99a-7384ffa1ce9d
task_key
all--test--e267cdaf-9586-50ed-a99a-7384ffa1ce9d
task_revision_id
1
config / split
all / test

Official source

initial import